A map is a pictoral representation of a portion of the surface of the earth.Obviously, maps must be smaller that the area the represent, so they’re produced in various scales. For example one inch on the map may be 24,000 inches on the ground, this would be a 1:24000 scale map.

Maps vary in what they show according to the purpose for which they are produced. Some maps show roads, population centers, and the distances between.

Topographical Maps

Topographical maps show elevation contours which depict the shape, or topography, of the land. Other maps include longitude and latitude lines or marks around the edge of the map, these coordinate systems make the map useful with GPS units that report position with coordinates. Maps are usually drawn with north at the top of the page. Maps deisgned to work with compasses show the difference between true north and magnetic north, the declination.

Nautical Charts

Maps intended for marine naviagation are usually refered to as charts. Nautical charts have been produced on paper for centuries, however, nowadays many commercial and private vessels use electronic charting systems. With GPS integration, the vessels position can be shown directly on the display in real time.

While maps are nearly always utilitarian documents they are often true works of art. The cartographers of old frequently adorned their maps with fanciful sea monsters or fictional lands when the actual geographical data didn’t quite fill the entire area of the map. Genuine antique maps are rare and collecting them can be a very expensive undertaking. However, framed reproductions make engaging, educational, and beautiful decorations for the home or office. Even modern maps make great decorations while retaining their usefulness as working documents.